Constitutional Law and European Integration Free Essays

There are few cases that rival Factortame in being concurrently substantively clear and decisive, and perplexing as to its full impact. The scope of the change to the UK constitution that has been instigated by it and other European Court of Justice decisions has been conceptualised as ranging from a ‘legal evolution’ to ‘revolution’. Although some theories are more convincing than others, each faces its own weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Law and European Integration or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, notwithstanding the conclusion of this particular speculative debate, the processes of European integration has undoubtedly quickened the pace at which UK Parliament and courts as part of a globalised world have had to squarely confront these constitutional changes, especially the departure from Parliament’s stronghold over the constitution. A Diceyan view of the UK constitution is no longer compatible with the current relationship between UK and EU law. It was decided in Factortame and confirmed in Equal Opportunities Commission, that the implications of the European Communities Act 1972 s. 2(4) is that EU law has supremacy in the case of clashes between EU and national laws. Within the orthodox view that Parliament is absolutely sovereign, inconsistencies between Acts of Parliament are to be dealt with by applying the doctrine of explicit or implied repeal to give effect to the later Act which is simply another illustration of how no Parliament can bind its successors. It would never have been open to national courts to declare provisions within primary statute incompatible with EC law either temporarily or permanently as it is today. However, so long as UK remains a part of the EU, EU law will prevail when inconsistencies arise and any derogation from this position will have to be done expressly and unequivocally. Therefore, even if the current position of Parliamentary sovereignty cannot clearly be defined, Factortame and EOC alone emphasise the unworkability of a Diceyan view of Parliamentary sovereignty in an European context. A radical but yet convincing argument that conceptualises the constitutional implications suggests that, EU law is able to place a substantive limit on Parliament’s law making authority on overlapping areas because being a member state has partially changed the rule of recognition of Parliamentary sovereignty. Although this necessitates presupposing Parliamentary sovereignty is a legal principle, not a purely political one, it seems justified because instead of accepting Parliament to be sovereign merely by its existence, it allows for a justification based on normative rguments. This is important considering that the UK is a modern democracy and intrinsically different to the state it was in when the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty was originally developed. Being a legal phenomenon, the scope of Parliamentary sovereignty evolves through the judgments of the court which provides a more balanced and legitimate decision than considering just a political aspect because the political realities are still considered but are weighted against other principles such as the rule of obedience to statutes. Furthermore, courts are gradually developing the idea that the authority of Parliament to make law is something that is subject to, and therefore controllable by constitutional law. For example, in the domestic case of Anisminic, the scope of Parliament’s authority to confer on public authorities powers which are not subject to judicial review was sharply limited. Thus, the effect of ECJ decisions on the constitution has been to develop it to a stage where Parliament is no longer sovereign at times when, and only when, inconsistencies between EU and national law occur within a field where both laws operate. On the other hand, Sir William Wade would argue that ‘constitutional revolution’ rather than a mere evolution has resulted. However, this argument is not only at odds with Lord Bridge’s judgement but lacks plausibility in itself. He explains that the courts have acted unconstitutionally and shifted their allegiance because Parliamentary sovereignty being a ‘rule of recognition’and a solely political norm, is a constitutional fixture which may only be ‘diminished’ as a matter of practical politics. There is a real difficulty in accepting this because it would suggest judicial whim may reverse a commitment that was reached democratic consensus among all branches of government and wider society through public referendum. This formidable weakness of Sir William Wade’s argument supports viewing Parliamentary sovereignty as, at least partly, a legal concept. Although the theory that it is possible for the EU to place substantive limits to Parliamentary sovereignty accommodates the ‘voluntary’ contractual argument and ‘functional requirement of EU’ arguments that Lord Bridge presents, it is not without limitations either. It fits well with Lord Bridge’s alternative reasonings because they suggest that Parliament does have the power to limit its own powers and that the present conflict should be tackled on principled bases. This is important because legal phenomenon arise out of case law and albeit sparse, his judgment was the only one to address the topic. However, the persuasiveness of this argument is reduced by the fact that it simply leads us to another equally difficult question of what legal means set the width of its powers. The judges themselves seem to be in disagreement amongst each other about this as Lord Hope says ‘measures enacted by Parliament’ itself whereas Laws LJ says the unwritten constitution as interpreted by the judges which seems legitimate but in practical terms, leaves everything just as uncertain. So far only the implications of ECJ case law has been discussed but there are other elements to European integration such as the doctrine of direct effect and the European Union Act 2011 which have affected the development of the UK constitution. These developments suggest that the â€Å"new view† is the most plausible representation of Parliamentary sovereignty today because referendum locks and the possibility for individuals to present a case in national courts on law derived from sources other than Parliament present limitations on Parliamentary sovereignty but not in the substantive sense discussed above. Proponents of the â€Å"new view† view that ultimate sovereignty remains with Parliament but it may have to conform to certain manner and form limitations. The appealing factor of this model is that it also accommodates for the limitations that Human Rights Act proposes on Parliamentary legal authority as well. Yet it is problematic in that the EU has explicitly stated in s2 of the ECA that on at least an EU level, Union law is regarded as supreme and this theory fails to encompass this dimension of the relationship between domestic and EU law. Most importantly, it accentuates how the increasingly multi-layered nature of the constitution must be taken into account in the broader debate. The holding of a point of absolute power faces pressure from outside as well as inside the nation. When the broader question of whether we should be edging away from political and towards a more legal constitution is considered in light of the multi-tiered constitutionalism arising from the Parliamentary Acts of 1911 1949, Human Rights Act, Devolution as well as EU membership, it would seem that to maintain a wholly political view of Parliamentary sovereignty in any context would be to deny reality. However, anything more exact requires us to assess what balance between adaptability and elasticity from maintaining a political constitution, and protected rights and principles from a legal constitution will provide the checks and balances necessary in dealing with the legal and political challenges of today. Due to declining public reputation of Parliament and diminishing respect for political process generally, as well as the aim of Parliamentary sovereignty having originally been to secure the broadest possible basis for ensuring democracy and legitimacy, we may not have to be so uneasy about adopting a more legal constitution. The UK constitution must embrace the emphasis it has always placed on a dynamic experience and once again, like with the case of devolution, make a smooth transition before political repercussions manifest themselves. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame Ltd [1990] ECR I-2433 [ 2 ]. Paul Craig, ‘Britain in the European Union’ in The Changing Constitution (7th ed, 2011) pg120 [ 3 ]. HWR Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [1996] 112 LQR 568 [ 4 ]. R v Secretary of State for Employment ex parte Equal Opportunities Commission [1995] 1 AC 1 [ 5 ]. HWR Wade, ‘The Basis of Legal Sovereignty’ [1955] CLJ 174 [ 6 ]. Paul Craig, pg121 [ 7 ]. 17th century –Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights [ 8 ]. TRS Allan, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty: Law, Politics, and Revolution’ [1997] 113 LQR 447 [ 9 ]. Mark Elliott and Robert Thomas, ‘Public Law’ (2011, Oxford) pg334 [ 10 ]. Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147 [ 11 ]. Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 12 ]. HLA Hart, ‘The Concept of Law’ (1996, Claredon Press) [ 13 ]. Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 14 ]. UK European Communities membership referendum 1975 [ 15 ]. Lord Bridge in Factortame [ 16 ]. Paul Craig ‘Britain in the European Union’ in Jowell and Oliver (eds) TheChanging Constitution (7th edn, Oxford, 2007) pg 121 [ 17 ]. Jackson v Attorney-General [2005] UKHL 56 [ 18 ]. Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] EWHC 195 [ 19 ]. Sir I. Jennings, The Law and the Constitution (1959) ch. 4 [ 20 ]. Jonathan Sumption ‘Judicial and Political Decision-making: The Uncertain Boundary’ [2011] Judicial Review 301 How to cite Constitutional Law and European Integration, Essay examples

The play is set in the Birlings house; as it is a safe place where life is secure and sheltered Essay Example For Students

The play is set in the Birlings house; as it is a safe place where life is secure and sheltered Essay The play is set in the Birlings house; as it is a safe place where life is secure and sheltered. The inspector takes the illusion of their life away and shows the Birlings what they previously prefer to overlook, the horrors and troubles of the real world. The play is set in 1912 but was written in 1945 after the Second World War. In the play there is lots of dramatic irony, which to an extent it relies on. Mr Birling flippantly brushes of ideas people have about a war in sight, dismissing them as silly little war scares. He also comments on the workers strikes and feels confident that theyve passed the worst of it. We as the audience know that since 1912 there have been two Worlds Wars, the likes of which the world had never experienced and in the 1920s there were huge workers strikes, which sent the country into chaos. The Georgian period in which they lived was a time of wealth and prosperity for the middle and upper classes and relative relaxation and security. Mr Birling proudly boasts about the progress that has been made, auto-mobiles making headway and a ship, the Titanic which is about to set sail and will make New York in five days ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ and every luxury ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. Again as the audience we know Mr Birling has misplaced his confidences and the terrible end that unsinkable ship came to when she met her nemesis and lies still and silent at the bottom of the frigid North Atlantic. In 1912 there was no welfare state in Britain, and poor people like Eva Smith often depended on charity organizations. Wealthy people such as Mrs Birling usually controlled these organizations. Mrs Birling would have worked for the charity out of her desire to be seen as charitable rather than out of a sense of respon sibility and concern for those less fortunate than her self. Also during this period the upper class, represented by the Birlings and Gerald ruled the country, owning all the main business, with no thoughts accept for them selves, which lead to consequences for the working class, the Smiths, represented by Eva Smith. The inspector comes into the play, to try and find out who is the most responsible for the death of Eva Smith death and to try and make them understand their responsibility to others. All the characters in the play had some connection with Eva Smith, which contributed towards her unpleasant death. Mr Birling was the first to contribute towards Evas downfall. At one time he employed her in one of his machine shops for over a year. He admits that she was a good worker, and she was even going to receive a promotion, but after the holidays in August, she and a group of girls came back to work and decided to ask for more money so they were averaging at about twenty-five shillings a week instead of twenty-two shillings and six. Soon the strike came to an end as they had been on holiday and had little money left. Mr Birling let the strikers comeback to work for him, apart from the five ringleaders who started the trouble, including Eva Smith, they had to go. After being sacked by Mr Birling, Eva Smith after a time of unemployment managed to get a job at a good quality shop, called Millwards. There she encountered the wrath of Sheila Birling. Shelia had gone to Millwards one day to try something on, her mother and the shop assistant had been against it, but she insisted. When Shelia tried it on she knew they had been right and it didnt suit her, and out of the corner of her eye she saw Eva Smith, the girl who had brought the dress up for her to try on, smiling, as if thinking Doesnt she look awful. Shelia was upset and embarrassed and spoke rudely to her. She then went to the manager of Millwards and told him if Eva Smith wasnt sacked shed never go near the place again and would persuade her mother to close the account. Eva Smith, through no fault of her own is now unemployed again. As many girls did, she decided to change her name to Daisy Renton, and make a fresh start. As there was no other work, and was in desperate need money. She turned to prostitution, as many women of the working class had to. One day Gerald met her at the Palace music hall, where he had gone to get a drink, and is a favorite haunt of women of the town. He saw Eva, or Daisy being bothered by Alderman Meggarty, a prominent member of society. He recognizes that she is young and pretty not like the other women. Gerald decided to help the girl and managed to distract Meggarty enough, by saying the manager needed to see him, to get the girl away. He got to know her and then set her up at a friend of his house and kept her as his mistress. It was a mutual benefit, as she needed money and food, which he provided. Gerald liked the idea that he was the most important person in her life, but after a while go bored and had to go of on a business trip and told her she had to go as his friend was coming back. Eva Smith knew that what she had with Gerald would not last and she was just a convenience to him. She went away by herself for about two months. To some seaside place, so she could be alone to try and make her affair with Gerald last longer and savour the memories of their time together. As she could again get no work and in urgently need of money she again turned to prostitution and worked in the palace bar. This is where she met Eric Birling and his puerile behaviour and lack of responsibilit y. She was pretty, not like the other fat old tarts, so he decided to buy her a few drink, although he was already inebriated. Later that night he insisted on going back to her lodgings and we are lead to believe that when he was there he forced himself upon her, using his physical strength and power over her. They met again a few times and Eva told Eric that she was pregnant with his child. Eva insisted, that she did not want to marry him as she saw him for what he was, a spoilt child and treated him like he was a kid. Eric then offered her financial support, which she also refused as she had found out that the money he used was stolen and refused to take anymore. 'The Great Gatsby' by F Scott Fitzgerald EssayIn the play, there is only one theme; this keeps the audiences attention and stops them getting side tracked with other plots. The inspector builds up the tension well by only allowing one character see the photograph at a time, and lays traps, which they all fall into. In particular the inspector sets a trap for Mrs Birling, when he asks her if she is not to blame for Evas death then who is and she enthusiastically lays the blame on the young man who is the father of Evas unborn child and tells the inspector to find this young man and then make him confess in public his responsibility. She is happy to dismiss any responsibility she may have and pass it onto someone, she thinks is far away from her family and her. Almost immediately we find out the father is Eric and she has implicated her son as being entirely responsible for the death of Eva Smith. The inspector scrutinizes one line of enquiry at a time, so again the audience does not lose track of the play and its storyline. The inspector also controls the behaviour and actions of the other characters, deciding if they can leave or not. He undermines Mr Birlings authority, when Eric ask if he can have a drink before he begins to tell his story of the events which he was involved in with Eva, Mr Birling says no, but is quickly contradicted by the inspector who says that he needs a drink now just to see him through. The inspector seems to be omniscient, but actually makes all the characters confess to their crimes. Perhaps the inspector is a supernatural agent for the conscience and the name Goole makes him appear spooky and other worldly. Maybe the inspector has foreseen a suicide about to happen and if the Birlings have a change of heart it could be prevented, but the chance is missed and the suicide occurs. In the text their are many clues which hint that the inspector is not really from the police and in the end the Birlings and Gerald manage to pick up on this, but some of them try dismiss it as a joke. The name Goole sounds like a ghoul, which is an evil demon, that eats the flesh of the dead, or it can be used metaphorically meaning a person obsessed by, or profits by, anothers death. When the inspector has left, he is said by Birling to have exploited Evas death, to frighten the victims of the alleged practical joke. But there are also hints that he is good, perhaps a messenger from God, as he says, we are members of one body like we say in the Eucharist service, reminding us that everyone is the same in Gods eyes. It does not mater whether the inspector is supposed to be good or evil, or what he really is, as the importance of his role is in what he says. The inspector altered Shelia and Erics views and makes them aware of the responsibility they have for others. Mr and Mrs Birling and Gerald refuse to take any responsibility for their actions and when the inspector has left expect life to carry on as before, believing that the inspector was a hoax, they represent the past and how the world is in desperate need for change. The end of the play suggests hope of the future as Shelia and Eric who represent the younger generation have learned to accept responsibility and that all actions have consequences. At the end of the play the inspector gives his wide view on responsibly, which contrasts with Mr Birlings narrow view on responsibility that he gave at the beginning of the play. Before the inspector departs he leaves the Birlings and Gerald with a thought One Eva Smith has gone ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. We dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. And I tell you that the time will soon come when, if men will not learn that lesson in fire and blood and anguish. The inspector, in his speech is telling us that things must change and the Smiths representing the lower and working class should not be used and abused by the Birlings repressenting people of power. He is also referring to the Second World War, as the audience knows, this lesson was learnt through fire blood and anguish and can not be allowed to be forgotten. The main theme of the play is responsibility. You must be responsible for other people as well as your own actions, and think of the consequences your actions may cause for others. In the play, there isnt anyone who is fully to blame for the death of Eva Smith. All the characters were involved in some way, which lead to her death and therefore are all equally responsible. The political message in the play is everyone must realise that there are always consequences for ones actions and everyone has a shared moral responsibility. The play was written in 1945 after the war, to present Priestlys views that the world was in desperate need of a change. When the inspector was at the house it symbolizes the Second World War, when everyone started to learn a pulled together for one cause. During that period all people were thrown into the war or working back home to aid the war effort regardless or class and social status. After the war there was a danger that people would recede back into the old ways, where there were prominent social divides and Priestly is trying to remind people how things were and how well they worked. People saw the need for change when the voted for Labour and Clement Attlee in 1945 who stood for a new way of life and change, against Winston Churchill who offered society restarting where it left off. People saw how the war had changed everything, and things would never be the same again as something as horrific as the Second World War could never be forgotten and voted for Labour which resulted in their famous landslide victory of May 1945. An Inspector Calls is an idealist play and is always relevant, as the theme of responsibility is still as germane today as it was a hundred years ago.

The Carpenters Son free essay sample

We have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. (Hebrews 10:10) Devout Christians should be familiar with those words as they revolve around the noble death of Gods one and only son, who is one of the cornerstones of the Christian faith. This man and his sacrifice are frequently referred to by poets and there are several poems whose entire message is all about Jesus Christ. One such poem is a satire written by poet A. E. Housman, titled â€Å"The Carpenters Son†. Housman’s work is not your conventional religious poem as it offers a very negative view on mankind and Jesus himself, which is considered extremely offensive and crude by a large majority of readers. Yet, like many other poets, Housmans faith greatly influenced the poetry he wrote, which was also a reflection of not only his religion, but his life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Carpenters Son or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When a person goes through a pivotal event in their life, that event often changes their religious views, which can be observed in their creative writing. The message of Housmans poem â€Å"The Carpenters Son† is a reflection of signifcant incidents from his past, that altered his faith and religious beliefs such as his mothers passing and his unrequited love for another man. While initially very devoted to his religion, the death of Housmans mother caused him to lose faith, which seems to have greatly shaped the message of â€Å"The Carpenters Son†. He was born into a large and very religious family; his great-grandfather was a preacher, causing much of his life to revolve around the familys faith. Out of his parents and six other siblings, Housman was closest to and most attached to his mother. Unfortunately, at the age of twelve, he lost his mother to cancer. This loss of the most important person in Housmans life struck a heavy blow to the young boy, who, as the eldest of seven children, was forced to accept a large amount of responsibility and help care for his siblings. Following his mothers death, he soon found someone to blame for the tragedy and his misfortune: God. He resented God for ignoring his prayers and neglecting his mothers health then suddenly taking her life away from him. Because of those feelings caused by his mothers death, from that moment on Housman began to lose his faith and, after a few years, completely abandoned God and his religion, becoming an atheist. Later in his early adult years, Housman was once again struck by misfortune. Another significant and tragic occurrence that contributed to the message of â€Å"The Carpenters Son† was the breaking of Housmans heart when he fell in love with his heterosexual male friend. In 1877 Housman enrolled into St. Johns College which was where he met friend and classmate Moses Jackson. At the age of twenty-one, Housman fell deeply in love with the attractive young Jackson. However, to the dismay of Housman, Jackson, who the first and last man Housman ever fell in love with, was not only heterosexual, but also criticized homosexuality, often referring to it as â€Å"beastliness†. This crushed Housmans heart and sprouted his belief that he was cursed to live the rest of his live devoid of love. This heartbreak changed Housmans life and most likely greatly contributed to his animosity towards his life and the God he had long deserted. The tragedies suffered by Housman established a very bitter resentment towards his abandoned religion, which led to a negative portrayal of Jesus Christ in â€Å"The Carpenters Son†. As a Biblical allusion, the title of the poem does not convey much respect for the one who sacrificed his own life the sins of mankind. In fact, Housman’s choice of title causes Jesus to sound like any other mortal man as it refers to his father as being the human man who was a carpenter rather than God. This shows how low his regard for such an honoured figure was, a result of his bitterness towards his former faith. The poem itself delves further into Housmans resentment towards Jesus and Christianity when Housman takes on the persona of â€Å"the Carpenters Son† himself. The nursery-rhyme like rhythm makes the mood seem almost mocking as Housman depicts Christ as regretting his decision to sacrifice himself and has him advising others to save themselves rather than following in his footsteps. The voicing of his regret makes it seem like he wants the reader to feel guilty, ending the first and final stanza with the words â€Å"Fare you well, for ill fare I: Live, lads, and I will die. That regret is emphasized by his wish that he had chosen to stay and work with his father rather than sacrifice his life and experience so much suffering. Then, the lines â€Å"Oh, at home had I but stayed [ ] then I might have built perhaps Gallow-trees for other chaps, never dangled on my own,† even goes so far as to imply he regrets his decision so much that he would prefer that it was someone else in his place. After lamenting his poor decision, he then advises others to not make the same mistake he did for he himself wishes he had chosen to save his own life rather than die for others. This portrayal of Jesus was a blasphemous one, to say the least, completely contradicting the bible and demeaning the sacred character of Christ. Housmans poem makes Christ come across as selfish and cowardly, two words that are almost never associated with Christ in the bible. Also, the last thing people are supposed to learn from Jesus actions is that sacrificing yourself for the betterment of others is not worth it, and yet that is exactly what Housman has Christ implying the entire poem. Housman, as a formerly devout member of the Christian faith, was most likely well aware of how offensive his interpretation of Christ was and how every aspect of his poem defied the words of the Bible, but his poem was written that way for a reason. The tragedies Housman suffered, mainly the death of his mother and the loss of his only love, caused him to lose hope, abandoning, and even bearing a grudge against, God and his former religion. This resentment influenced his writing producing such a bitter commentary on the Christian religion as â€Å"The Carpenters Son†, showing just how much impact a poets life has on their writing.

buy custom How to Start a Business essay

buy custom How to Start a Business essay One of the best known entrepreneurs, investors and business coaches, Kiyosaki, in his book Rich Dad Poor Dad (2002), wrote, "Business is like a wheel barrow, nothing ever happens until you start pushing" (p. 84). The truth is that most people are afraid to take the risk of starting their own business; it is safer for them to find a job and to work for the established wage, social guarantees and insurance policy the whole life. But if you decided to take a chance and to start a business, do not hesitate and do not be afraid of failures, because they are an important part of the future success. The steps below may help in the start-up. Part-time business means any kind of activity that one can do after the main work and that brings profit. It can be anything, from Internet trade to pet sitting and walking. If it is a unique business idea of your own, you have to protect its intellectual property. Franchise and ready business are both good options for investments; they are already established and developed, so the risk is minimal. The second step in starting a business is writing a business plan. A good written business plan is a living outline that was born to help you to establish, develop and manage your company; it is growing up with your company and it is changing as the company is prospering. The third step is defining how the business will be financed. Depending on the size of the business, there are such sources f financing as: bank funding and business bank loans, overdrafts, credit cards, loans from friends and family, private equity or private investment, angel investment and small business grants. Limited Liability Company is a legal form of company that gives limited responsibilities to its owners. C-Corporation is a legal entity that is taxed apart from its owners. C-Corporation is a legal entity that exists separately from its shareholders and directors. A partnership is an agreement between parties to cooperate. Partnerships can be of two different types: limited partnership and general partnership. The main distinction between them is that in general partnership each member (partner) is responsible for any liability, debt or damage. In limited partnerships there is usually one responsible (general) partner who has full responsibilities on managing the company. Others are called limited partners and they do not incur liability of the day-to-day operation of the company. Sole Proprietorship is an individual who owns and runs a business. He or she is personally responsible for the business obligations. S-Corporation is much like C-Corporation. The main difference is that in S-Sorporation all income and losses are divided proportionally between the owners. The fifth step in building the business is obtaining licenses if they are needed. Better to do it before starting to work in order to eliminate the problems with the law later. The next very important step in starting a business is creation of a website. People must get know about your business and the best way to inform them is using Internet. Even before you open your first shop or agency, the website must already work. After creating a website, the decision about the shop must be made. And here you must take into consideration 4 Ps: price, product, place and promotion. Only using them all together the most success can be reached. There is no need to explain how important price and product are. Without a proper place your product cannot be sold, and without good promotion nobody will know about your product. By the way, good done website is really significant in promotion part. After the business is established and registered, the website set up and the shop opened the question about employees rises. Employees must be hired considering the size of the business, the products and the legal structure of the company. But for any business to be successful, two employees must be hired in the first place: the lawyer and the accountant. Most companies already have them in their staff even before establishing. The steps listed above are the main steps in starting the business. Do you remember the old adage: No pain, no gain? It is old, but still quite applicable in the business industry. In fact, the business is a commitment of money, time and effort. However, nothing ventured, nothing gained. Therefore, make sure you are doing the right thing to start your own business. And do not forget these four important elements: the great business plan, the proper business structure, equal attention to the 4 Ps and qualified employees. Buy custom How to Start a Business essay

4 Reasons You Need to Develop Your Social Media Presence

4 Reasons You Need to Develop Your Social Media Presence These days, you are what you show online. With a constant flow of family pictures and  Saturday night shenanigans, your Facebook profile might not be very distinguishable from your offline presence. This may not matter so much in a bubble with your friends and family, but you should think about the rest of your social media universe, as well. You can shape your social media presence to show the best, most professional you to your field.  Here are 4 reasons to curate social media presence  carefully.1.  Your Social Media is an Open BookWhether it’s potential employers, network members, or collaborators, your social media brand will likely be one of the first things that turn up. You want them to see a clear, engaging portrait of you- one who doesn’t use sloppy language, send questionable pictures, or behave inappropriately. We all have stuff we’re not especially proud of, but those things are best kept in a private account completely unlinked to your profe ssional account, or maybe a folder marked â€Å"please burn.†2. It’s an opportunity to clean house.If you do have unprofessional content floating around your social media or want to show that your goals have evolved beyond â€Å"being president someday or something,† going in with a focused eye can help you keep content that shows who you are and where you want to go and get rid of clutter that doesn’t relate to your career goals now. It can also give you a sense of who’s coming and going from your social networks and sharing your content.3. You  Can Find a Relevant AudienceOnce you’ve figured out what you want your social media brand to say about you, that can help you find your community and build your voice in that community. Finding like-minded people and sharing content and opinions are a brand-builder, if you have your base brand settled.4. You’re Able to Take Control of Your DestinyWhen you build your public social media bran d, you get to set the tone and establish a theme across your accounts. Whether that’s coordinating colors or making sure that your own personal logo appears wherever you do or making your visual content (pictures, infographics, etc.) look similar, you want people to associate your content with you.Who are you, and what do you want to do? It’s all in your (virtual) hands.

Does popular culture (e.g. comics, films, and music) help us to Essay

Does popular culture (e.g. comics, films, and music) help us to understand world politics better Discuss by using relevant examples - Essay Example It is not an issue of popular culture causing political ideologies and actions. Therefore popular culture is not something that someone can say explains the state of a person nor does it make persons think in specific ways. It neither manipulates nor mirrors what individuals do rather people live through it hence no one will be compelled to imitate actions of popular culture. Popular culture in essence refers to artistic, cultural expressions of different genres such as theater, music, dance visual art, the film industry, and literature. In the present age, these cultural activities have been found to play a significant role in shaping the political reasoning in various parts of the world. Popular culture does not have a distinct definition of what it entails and different people have their understanding of the exact meaning of popular culture. John Street refers to it as a product of mass production arising from production companies to achieve high mass sales (1997). The primary focus of popular culture is the means of production distribution and consumption. Thus, popular culture is said to be a form of entertainment that is available to large numbers of people, or that is mass produced. Music production is the most common genre of mass production in popular culture; hence the mass aspect becomes the defining characteristic of popular culture. It is about euphoria of the masses and so is politics explaining the base where both hold joint feature. It is the very reason popular culture is impacting on politics in the world today. The agents that play a role in spreading the music that is television and radio reach far more masses, and their liberalization has helped facilitate emergence of new popular cultures that did not have space in state-controlled media. For instance, the rise of hip-hop music in the 1990s in African states was down to liberalization of media. These celebrities command large following among the youths who are the

(Depend on the play) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

(Depend on the play) - Movie Review Example Its capability to transform simple objects into more valuable things tickles one’s imagination. It challenges character for one to be who he is not, where ever, whenever. The magic that happens on stage can be deemed contagious, especially when the pixie dusts of theatre arts touch the mind, heart and soul of the audience. First impression lasts, they say, but as for the play Midsummer Night’s Dream, it dominates. This first impression pushed the button of audience enthusiasm by simply creating impact from the set design and overall ambience of the theatre. The stage was set with a mini stage, circular with small wall- like structures and with three overlapping ramps. The set was white and glittery which created a magical feel for the magical play that it is. The different lighting designs created moods for scenes. It perfectly falls on the white palette of the stage. The music engaged the audience to their emotions while watching the play. The simple wonders crafted from set, music and lights design gave amazing effects to the ambience of the play, and improved overall performance. Speaking of performance, the actors were impressive. Individual characterization was effective. The actors seem to be in real connection to the fictional character that they are portraying. Line mastery is essential in acting but to transcend with it is the bigger challenge. To achieve the desired effect to the audience the actors need to commit to the character, in such a way that even their nails embody the nails of the portrayed character. The characters optics, kinesics, and movement are also some essentials that were excellently achieved by the actors. Costumes also greatly contributed in the production value and effectiveness of the production. Midsummer Night’s Dream is a fantasy play with queens, kings, fairies, and the like. The intricately designed costumes talk about the personality of the character the moment the actor stands on stage. Props are