Character Analysis of Maggie Johnson in Everyday Use by...

When two daughters are raised alike yet live differently, there is a fine line of distinction between the traits and aspirations of the two, as Alice Walker drew portraits of three women in a family in Everyday Use. Maggie Johnson was the youngest of the two daughters, and her older sister Dee had gone to college and hadn t been home in over a decade. Maggie stayed at her mother s side, to make a life for herself that seemed suitable for her. In this story, Maggie is a fragile young woman, however a strong character that is opposite of her sister Dee, who underestimates Maggie for the person she is. The story takes place at mama s house, where Maggie and Mrs. Johnson were at their home waiting for Dee to come for a visit. She had†¦show more content†¦As this story unfolds, the visit from Dee is anything but pleasant. She arrives home and is instantly commanding that she be referred to by her new name, Wangero. This was given to her as a changed black Muslim, something she apparently got involved in after she left her mother s home for college. The author refers to Dee as Wangero in the rest of the story, making her seem like she has some guise for herself to pull her further from her family roots. She claims that she couldn t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me (76). The name Dee had been in her family for generations, Mama could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches (76). This is an important symbol when comparing Dee to Maggie, as Dee is in a sense rejecting her family, and Maggie embraces every memory from it. The moment Maggie opens her mouth around her sister, it s as though Dee was there only to make her life more miserable, making harsh and snide comments at Maggie s every word. Maggie s brain is like an elephant s , Wangero [said] (77). After rummaging through Maggie s trunk, Dee insisted that her mother let her take the quilts that were put away. Mama told Dee that she was saving them to give to her sister after she married but Maggie said, She can have them, Mama, I can member Grandma Dee without the quilts (78). Family to Mama and Maggie is not just made up of tangibles andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Flowers, By Alice Walker1525 Words   |  7 Pageswas how Alice Walker grew up. She has written stories about her life, and stories that have had an impact on her life based on how she grew up. The two short stories The Flowers and Everyday Use have a common theme of feeling comfortable, safe, and at peace when one is home. Walker uses diction, syntax, and characterization to develop this common theme in her writing. A house is a safe comfortable place where one can feel at peace and in The Flowers and Everyday Use, the author Alice Walker developsRead MoreThe Usability of Symbolism in Everyday Use by Alice Walker Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pagestechnique that author’s uses to bring out the main importance of an object, but more emphasized details are being extracted in the usage of it. Alice Walker uses quilts, for example, to symbolize a â€Å"bond between women† (Spark Notes) a relationship between women, that would get passed down from generation to generation. In this story, symbolism plays a big role that makes this more attracted to the reader’s eyes. The characters such as the following: Mama Johnson, Dee, and Maggie all symbolize a manifoldRead MoreSymbolic References in Everyday Use by Alice Walker1848 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism is the taking of an object big or small, and giving it something to stand for. It could be your everyday math symbols for addition, subtraction, division, and etc. Although math symbols are perfect examples of symbolism, there’s also objects that can be more than what they are. For example animals, Lions are known to be symbolized as strength, aggression, and assertiveness. Birds like doves are symbolized as love and peace. Colors are also held symbolically, for instance the color blackRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Heritage in Everyday Use829 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Everyday Use † by Alice Walker the exact setting is never revealed and therefore, can only be guessed, but it has been guessed that the story takes place on a country side in Georgia. At one point in the story Augusta is mentioned. The time is also estimated to be during the Civil Rights Movement around the year of 1973. Mrs. Johnson, along with her two daughters, reside in a small three room house, and take pride in there small yard. As Maggie and Dee grow older they start to realize howRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use2414 Words   |  10 PagesTulsi Rizal Prof. Mary Huffer Eng122 24 April 2016 Critical Analysis of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† Alice Walker, most revered African American writer of the present time was born on 9th February 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She started her career as a social worker/activist, followed by teaching and and being a writer. She has won many awards for her fantastic social and literary works. Everyday use† was published in 1973, when African Americans were struggling to revive their original African cultureRead Moreevery day use3221 Words   |  13 PagesThe paper s title Your name Page number Character analysis of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker 1) Pay attention to the character’s ethics. Does the character make just or unjust choices? Consider Atticus Finch in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus does not make morally correct choices only when it is convenient for him to do so. Rather, he shows he’s a truly just character by sticking to his principles even when his life is at stake. 2) Decide

Dred Scott The American Civil War - 1618 Words

Dred Scott was a slave and social activist who served several masters before he had sued for his own freedom. He made history in America by launching a legal battle to gain his freedom. His case worked its way to the Supreme Court prior to the American Civil War. Dred Scott had a significant impact on American life during the Civil War Era because of his early years, when he was a slave in free territory, his suit for freedom, and his legacy.(â€Å"DS BIO†). Dred Scott impacted the world tremendously during his early years. Dred Scott was born sometime around the turn of the century, 1795, in Southampton County, Virginia. A legend has is that his name was not Dred but was Sam, but when his brother died, he adopted his name instead. His parents were also slaves, but it was unknown whether the Blow family owned them at his birth or after. Peter Blow and his family relocated to Huntsville, Alabama, and then they relocated to St. Louis Missouri(â€Å"SHS†) After Peter Blow died, in the 1830’s, Scott had been sold to the U.S. Army doctor, John Emerson. In 1836, He fell in love with a slave of a different army doctor, 19 year old Harriet Robinson, and her ownership had been transferred over to Dr.Emerson when they were married. In the next couple years, Dr.Emerson traveled to Illinois and to the Wisconsin Territories, which both had prohibited slavery in that time period. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read More Causes and Effects of the American Civil War Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in the Civil War, America lost the most men ever? After four years and over 600,000 American lives, the Union (North) prevailed in wearing down and forcing the Confederacy (South) to surrender. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, the Missouri Compromise, and the Dred Scott case contributed greatly to the Civil War. After the Civil War, the Southern economy was devastated with millions of homeless, while the northern economy boomed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eli Whitney created one of the first causes of the Civil. In 1793Read MoreEssay about Causes and Effects of the Civil War812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in the Civil War, America lost the most men ever? After four years and over 600,000 American lives, the Union (North) prevailed in wearing down and forcing the Confederacy (South) to surrender. Eli Whitneys cotton gin, the Missouri Compromise, and the Dred Scott case contributed greatly to the Civil War. After the Civil War, the Southern economy was devastated with millions of homeless, while the northern economy boomed. Eli Whitney created one of the first causes of the Civil. In 1793 EliRead MoreDred Scott V. Sandford1454 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Dred Scott v. Sandford was decided in 1857, it made an enormous impact on the United States. It riled up both pro- and anti-slavery Americans. It angered many Americans in an extreme example of judicial activism. Some say it made the Civil War inevitable. By the time the dust had settled and the 13th and 14th Amendments reversed the Court’s decision, Dred Scott could be considered one of the worst Supreme Court decisions of all time. And yet, although the case was egregiously wrong, it stillRead MoreThe Dred Scott Case And The Fugitive Slave Act1037 Words   |  5 Pages To what extent did the Dred Scott Case and the Fugitive slave act and laws further divide the United States? Slavery has been an obstacle to America since the beginning of America’s independence. â€Å"†¦ this incomplete revolution did produce, of cour se, was a fairly clear-cut division of the new nation into slaveholding and non-slaveholding states – all at the very same time when the foundations of a national government were being laid† . It was also geography and economic differencesRead MoreDred Scott Decision Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesmost of the Southern people. My second paragraph is about Dred Scott’s life. It will mostly be about his life before the case. The third paragraph will be information about the case in court. It will include many facts from the trials. The fourth paragraph will tell of the United States Supreme Court decision and its effects. It will also include people’s reactions to the final decision. â€Å"Dred Scott was an enslaved African American†, (Appleby 446-447). He was born into slavery in 1799.Read MoreThe Dred Scott V. Sanford Case1670 Words   |  7 Pagesscholars is the Dred Scott V. Sanford case from the pre-civil war era. In which time slavery was a very hot topic between the states. In this case it was determined that a slave was not only not a citizen of the United States but also property (our documents). This court ruling made useless of the Missouri compromise of 1850 which made states above the 36 °30’ line Free states and all below the line slaves states (History). This decision was eventually overturned by the Civil War amendments the 13thRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1447 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery and The Civil War When most people think of Abraham Lincoln, They remember him as the one President, or the one single entity , who freed the slaves. Most are not aware that before slavery the young nation was going though growing pains there were years of political strife and social upheaval that culminated in to Civil war that actually resulted in the Emancipation of Slaves. Slavery was pivotal to the compromises and conflicts of national politics in the decades leadingRead MoreThe Dred Scott Case Against Slavery1124 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the decades, many compromises were made to avoid disunion. But the Constitution was not clear on this subject which created quite the discussion nationwide when raised in 1857 before the Supreme Court in the form of the Dred Scott case. The Dred Scott decision was an eye-opener to Northerners that believed slavery was acceptable as long as it stayed in the South. If the decision took away any power Congress once had to regulate slavery in new territories, slavery could quickly expandRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War was Avoidable1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War was Avoidable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The explosion of the American Civil War was caused by a vast number of conflicting principles and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences, and set afire by a very unfortunate set of political events. Undoubtedly, the central theme of almost all of the events that led up to the Civil War was one way or another, related to the dispute of slavery. Throughout the nineteenth century, slavery-related tensions brewed to such an extent, that politicians often

Why Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas

Why are tariffs preferred to quantitative restrictions as a means of controlling imports? Tariffs and quantitative restrictions (commonly known as import quotas) both serve the purpose of controlling the number of foreign products that can enter the domestic market. There are a few reasons why tariffs are a more attractive option than import quotas. Tariff Generate Revenue Tariffs generate revenue for the government. If the U.S. government puts a 20 percent tariffs on imported Indian cricket bats, they will collect $10 million dollars if $50 million worth of Indian cricket bats is imported in a year. That may sound like small change for a government, but given the millions of different goods which are imported into a country, the numbers start to add up. In 2011, for instance, the U.S. government collected $28.6 billion in tariff revenue. This is revenue that would be lost to the government unless their import quota system charged a licensing fee on importers. Quotas Can Encourage Corruption Import quotas can lead to administrative corruption. Suppose that there is currently no restriction on importing Indian cricket bats and 30,000 are sold in the U.S. each year. For some reason, the United States decides that they only want 5,000 Indian cricket bats sold per year. They could set an import quota at 5,000 to achieve this objective. The problem is—how do they decide which 5,000 bats get in and which 25,000 do not? The government now has to tell some importer that their cricket bats will be let into the country and tell some other importer than he will not be. This gives the customs officials a lot of power, as they can now give access to favored corporations and deny access to those who are not favored. This can cause a serious corruption problem in countries with import quotas, as the importers chosen to meet the quota are the ones who can provide the most favors to the customs officers. A tariff system can achieve the same objective without the possibility of corruption. The tariff is set at a level which causes the price of the cricket bats to rise just enough so that the demand for cricket bats falls to 5,000 per year. Although tariffs control the price of a good, they indirectly control the quantity sold of that good due to the interaction of supply and demand. Quotas More Likely to Encourage Smuggling Import quotas are more likely to cause smuggling. Both tariffs and import quotas will cause smuggling if they are set at unreasonable levels. If the tariff on cricket bats is set at 95 percent, then its likely that people will try to sneak the bats into the country illegally, just as they would if the import quota is only a small fraction of the demand for the product. So governments have to set the tariff or the import quota at a reasonable level. But what if the demand changes? Suppose cricket becomes a big fad in the United States and everybody and their neighbor want to buy an Indian cricket bat? An import quota of 5,000 might be reasonable if the demand for the product would otherwise be 6,000. Overnight, though, suppose the demand has now jumped to 60,000. With an import quota, there will be massive shortages and smuggling in ​cricket bats will become quite profitable. A tariff does not have these problems. A tariff does not provide a firm limit on the number of products that enter. So if the demand goes up, the number of bats sold will go up, and the government will collect more revenue. Of course, this can also be used as an argument against tariffs, as the government cannot ensure that the number of imports will stay below a certain level. The Tariff vs. Quota Bottom Line For these reasons, tariffs are generally considered to be preferable to import quotas. However, some economists believe that the best solution to the problem of tariffs and quotas is to get rid of them both. This isnt the view of most Americans or, apparently, of a majority of members of Congress, but it is one held by some free-market economists.

Addiction And Opioid Use For Drug Abuse - 954 Words

Addiction and opioid use Drug abuse and addiction remain large and persistent problems. Nationally, addiction and abuse of all substances costs the economy an estimated $600 billion dollars annually. Indeed, over the past decade, illicit drug use appears to be steady or rising (2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health; DHHS). From this we see that prescription and non-prescription opioid use is particularly problematic. For example, prescription pain reliever misuse has remained consistently high for most of the last decade and makes up the largest portion of misuse of prescription drugs (Figure 1). In addition people who report using heroin within the last year has increased by over 50% since 2001 (Figure 2). Figure 1. National Use of Therapeutic Drugs Figure 2. National Use of Heroin The state of Maine also has a pressing drug abuse problem. In 2012 drug use and abuse cost the state over $ 1.18 billion. In addition, the state saw a 20% increase in admissions into treatment programs over the last year (Maine DHHS, 2012). Over 60% of outpatient treatment admissions are due to some form of opioid (Figure 3). In addition, opioids make up the majority of deaths due to drug overdose (Figure 4). Bringing these numbers down will require a multi-pronged strategy including finding less addictive painkillers, improving prescription practices related to painkillers and reducing the desire of people to abuse painkillers. UNE is taking an active role inShow MoreRelatedUse And Prescribing Methods Of Opioids1158 Words   |  5 Pagespertaining to the use and prescribing methods of opioids. The positive effects of opioids as well as the negative effects are taken into account. In one study, conducted by Furlan, Sandoval, Mailis-Gagnon, and Tunks (2006), opioids were effec tive in the treatment of CNCP overall. However according to David N. Juurlink (2012), more recent and more rigorous studies suggest that opioid use disorders occur in up to one-third of patients on chronic opioid therapy. So abuse and addiction are likely toRead MoreThe Drug Addiction Treatment Act Of 20001001 Words   |  5 PagesTo begin, opioid abuse and addiction have increased in frequency in the United States over the past 20 years.4 In 2009, an estimated 5.3 million persons used opioid medications nonmedically within the past month, 200000 used heroin, and approximately 9.6% of African Americans used an illicit drug.4 Racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in availability and access to mental health care, including substance use disorders.4,7 Primary care practitioners are often called upon to differentiateRead MoreAddiction And Its Effects On Addiction1226 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of knowledge on addiction, effects of addiction, and medication used to tre at addiction. Reviewing the literature explains the definition of addiction, whether it is a choice or compulsion, and specific medications used to treat dependence. Overall, using substances is a choice but addictive qualities are compulsions. Research has proven that medications are widely effective in treating substance abuse. Purpose The literature’s purpose is to inform its reader of addiction, the risks and consequencesRead MoreDrug Abuse On The United States Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Abuse on the Rise in the Community â€Å"In 2014, nearly two million Americans either abused or were dependent on prescription opioid pain relievers (â€Å"Injury Prevention and Control: Opioid Overdose,† 2016.)† The CDC is now saying that the United States is in an epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to explore the increasing drug use in the United States over the last decade. 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Constitutional Law and European Integration Free Essays

There are few cases that rival Factortame in being concurrently substantively clear and decisive, and perplexing as to its full impact. The scope of the change to the UK constitution that has been instigated by it and other European Court of Justice decisions has been conceptualised as ranging from a ‘legal evolution’ to ‘revolution’. Although some theories are more convincing than others, each faces its own weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Law and European Integration or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, notwithstanding the conclusion of this particular speculative debate, the processes of European integration has undoubtedly quickened the pace at which UK Parliament and courts as part of a globalised world have had to squarely confront these constitutional changes, especially the departure from Parliament’s stronghold over the constitution. A Diceyan view of the UK constitution is no longer compatible with the current relationship between UK and EU law. It was decided in Factortame and confirmed in Equal Opportunities Commission, that the implications of the European Communities Act 1972 s. 2(4) is that EU law has supremacy in the case of clashes between EU and national laws. Within the orthodox view that Parliament is absolutely sovereign, inconsistencies between Acts of Parliament are to be dealt with by applying the doctrine of explicit or implied repeal to give effect to the later Act which is simply another illustration of how no Parliament can bind its successors. It would never have been open to national courts to declare provisions within primary statute incompatible with EC law either temporarily or permanently as it is today. However, so long as UK remains a part of the EU, EU law will prevail when inconsistencies arise and any derogation from this position will have to be done expressly and unequivocally. Therefore, even if the current position of Parliamentary sovereignty cannot clearly be defined, Factortame and EOC alone emphasise the unworkability of a Diceyan view of Parliamentary sovereignty in an European context. A radical but yet convincing argument that conceptualises the constitutional implications suggests that, EU law is able to place a substantive limit on Parliament’s law making authority on overlapping areas because being a member state has partially changed the rule of recognition of Parliamentary sovereignty. Although this necessitates presupposing Parliamentary sovereignty is a legal principle, not a purely political one, it seems justified because instead of accepting Parliament to be sovereign merely by its existence, it allows for a justification based on normative rguments. This is important considering that the UK is a modern democracy and intrinsically different to the state it was in when the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty was originally developed. Being a legal phenomenon, the scope of Parliamentary sovereignty evolves through the judgments of the court which provides a more balanced and legitimate decision than considering just a political aspect because the political realities are still considered but are weighted against other principles such as the rule of obedience to statutes. Furthermore, courts are gradually developing the idea that the authority of Parliament to make law is something that is subject to, and therefore controllable by constitutional law. For example, in the domestic case of Anisminic, the scope of Parliament’s authority to confer on public authorities powers which are not subject to judicial review was sharply limited. Thus, the effect of ECJ decisions on the constitution has been to develop it to a stage where Parliament is no longer sovereign at times when, and only when, inconsistencies between EU and national law occur within a field where both laws operate. On the other hand, Sir William Wade would argue that ‘constitutional revolution’ rather than a mere evolution has resulted. However, this argument is not only at odds with Lord Bridge’s judgement but lacks plausibility in itself. He explains that the courts have acted unconstitutionally and shifted their allegiance because Parliamentary sovereignty being a ‘rule of recognition’and a solely political norm, is a constitutional fixture which may only be ‘diminished’ as a matter of practical politics. There is a real difficulty in accepting this because it would suggest judicial whim may reverse a commitment that was reached democratic consensus among all branches of government and wider society through public referendum. This formidable weakness of Sir William Wade’s argument supports viewing Parliamentary sovereignty as, at least partly, a legal concept. Although the theory that it is possible for the EU to place substantive limits to Parliamentary sovereignty accommodates the ‘voluntary’ contractual argument and ‘functional requirement of EU’ arguments that Lord Bridge presents, it is not without limitations either. It fits well with Lord Bridge’s alternative reasonings because they suggest that Parliament does have the power to limit its own powers and that the present conflict should be tackled on principled bases. This is important because legal phenomenon arise out of case law and albeit sparse, his judgment was the only one to address the topic. However, the persuasiveness of this argument is reduced by the fact that it simply leads us to another equally difficult question of what legal means set the width of its powers. The judges themselves seem to be in disagreement amongst each other about this as Lord Hope says ‘measures enacted by Parliament’ itself whereas Laws LJ says the unwritten constitution as interpreted by the judges which seems legitimate but in practical terms, leaves everything just as uncertain. So far only the implications of ECJ case law has been discussed but there are other elements to European integration such as the doctrine of direct effect and the European Union Act 2011 which have affected the development of the UK constitution. These developments suggest that the â€Å"new view† is the most plausible representation of Parliamentary sovereignty today because referendum locks and the possibility for individuals to present a case in national courts on law derived from sources other than Parliament present limitations on Parliamentary sovereignty but not in the substantive sense discussed above. Proponents of the â€Å"new view† view that ultimate sovereignty remains with Parliament but it may have to conform to certain manner and form limitations. The appealing factor of this model is that it also accommodates for the limitations that Human Rights Act proposes on Parliamentary legal authority as well. Yet it is problematic in that the EU has explicitly stated in s2 of the ECA that on at least an EU level, Union law is regarded as supreme and this theory fails to encompass this dimension of the relationship between domestic and EU law. Most importantly, it accentuates how the increasingly multi-layered nature of the constitution must be taken into account in the broader debate. The holding of a point of absolute power faces pressure from outside as well as inside the nation. When the broader question of whether we should be edging away from political and towards a more legal constitution is considered in light of the multi-tiered constitutionalism arising from the Parliamentary Acts of 1911 1949, Human Rights Act, Devolution as well as EU membership, it would seem that to maintain a wholly political view of Parliamentary sovereignty in any context would be to deny reality. However, anything more exact requires us to assess what balance between adaptability and elasticity from maintaining a political constitution, and protected rights and principles from a legal constitution will provide the checks and balances necessary in dealing with the legal and political challenges of today. Due to declining public reputation of Parliament and diminishing respect for political process generally, as well as the aim of Parliamentary sovereignty having originally been to secure the broadest possible basis for ensuring democracy and legitimacy, we may not have to be so uneasy about adopting a more legal constitution. The UK constitution must embrace the emphasis it has always placed on a dynamic experience and once again, like with the case of devolution, make a smooth transition before political repercussions manifest themselves. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame Ltd [1990] ECR I-2433 [ 2 ]. Paul Craig, ‘Britain in the European Union’ in The Changing Constitution (7th ed, 2011) pg120 [ 3 ]. HWR Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [1996] 112 LQR 568 [ 4 ]. R v Secretary of State for Employment ex parte Equal Opportunities Commission [1995] 1 AC 1 [ 5 ]. HWR Wade, ‘The Basis of Legal Sovereignty’ [1955] CLJ 174 [ 6 ]. Paul Craig, pg121 [ 7 ]. 17th century –Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights [ 8 ]. TRS Allan, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty: Law, Politics, and Revolution’ [1997] 113 LQR 447 [ 9 ]. Mark Elliott and Robert Thomas, ‘Public Law’ (2011, Oxford) pg334 [ 10 ]. Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147 [ 11 ]. Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 12 ]. HLA Hart, ‘The Concept of Law’ (1996, Claredon Press) [ 13 ]. Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 14 ]. UK European Communities membership referendum 1975 [ 15 ]. Lord Bridge in Factortame [ 16 ]. Paul Craig ‘Britain in the European Union’ in Jowell and Oliver (eds) TheChanging Constitution (7th edn, Oxford, 2007) pg 121 [ 17 ]. Jackson v Attorney-General [2005] UKHL 56 [ 18 ]. Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] EWHC 195 [ 19 ]. Sir I. Jennings, The Law and the Constitution (1959) ch. 4 [ 20 ]. Jonathan Sumption ‘Judicial and Political Decision-making: The Uncertain Boundary’ [2011] Judicial Review 301 How to cite Constitutional Law and European Integration, Essay examples

The play is set in the Birlings house; as it is a safe place where life is secure and sheltered Essay Example For Students

The play is set in the Birlings house; as it is a safe place where life is secure and sheltered Essay The play is set in the Birlings house; as it is a safe place where life is secure and sheltered. The inspector takes the illusion of their life away and shows the Birlings what they previously prefer to overlook, the horrors and troubles of the real world. The play is set in 1912 but was written in 1945 after the Second World War. In the play there is lots of dramatic irony, which to an extent it relies on. Mr Birling flippantly brushes of ideas people have about a war in sight, dismissing them as silly little war scares. He also comments on the workers strikes and feels confident that theyve passed the worst of it. We as the audience know that since 1912 there have been two Worlds Wars, the likes of which the world had never experienced and in the 1920s there were huge workers strikes, which sent the country into chaos. The Georgian period in which they lived was a time of wealth and prosperity for the middle and upper classes and relative relaxation and security. Mr Birling proudly boasts about the progress that has been made, auto-mobiles making headway and a ship, the Titanic which is about to set sail and will make New York in five days ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ and every luxury ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. Again as the audience we know Mr Birling has misplaced his confidences and the terrible end that unsinkable ship came to when she met her nemesis and lies still and silent at the bottom of the frigid North Atlantic. In 1912 there was no welfare state in Britain, and poor people like Eva Smith often depended on charity organizations. Wealthy people such as Mrs Birling usually controlled these organizations. Mrs Birling would have worked for the charity out of her desire to be seen as charitable rather than out of a sense of respon sibility and concern for those less fortunate than her self. Also during this period the upper class, represented by the Birlings and Gerald ruled the country, owning all the main business, with no thoughts accept for them selves, which lead to consequences for the working class, the Smiths, represented by Eva Smith. The inspector comes into the play, to try and find out who is the most responsible for the death of Eva Smith death and to try and make them understand their responsibility to others. All the characters in the play had some connection with Eva Smith, which contributed towards her unpleasant death. Mr Birling was the first to contribute towards Evas downfall. At one time he employed her in one of his machine shops for over a year. He admits that she was a good worker, and she was even going to receive a promotion, but after the holidays in August, she and a group of girls came back to work and decided to ask for more money so they were averaging at about twenty-five shillings a week instead of twenty-two shillings and six. Soon the strike came to an end as they had been on holiday and had little money left. Mr Birling let the strikers comeback to work for him, apart from the five ringleaders who started the trouble, including Eva Smith, they had to go. After being sacked by Mr Birling, Eva Smith after a time of unemployment managed to get a job at a good quality shop, called Millwards. There she encountered the wrath of Sheila Birling. Shelia had gone to Millwards one day to try something on, her mother and the shop assistant had been against it, but she insisted. When Shelia tried it on she knew they had been right and it didnt suit her, and out of the corner of her eye she saw Eva Smith, the girl who had brought the dress up for her to try on, smiling, as if thinking Doesnt she look awful. Shelia was upset and embarrassed and spoke rudely to her. She then went to the manager of Millwards and told him if Eva Smith wasnt sacked shed never go near the place again and would persuade her mother to close the account. Eva Smith, through no fault of her own is now unemployed again. As many girls did, she decided to change her name to Daisy Renton, and make a fresh start. As there was no other work, and was in desperate need money. She turned to prostitution, as many women of the working class had to. One day Gerald met her at the Palace music hall, where he had gone to get a drink, and is a favorite haunt of women of the town. He saw Eva, or Daisy being bothered by Alderman Meggarty, a prominent member of society. He recognizes that she is young and pretty not like the other women. Gerald decided to help the girl and managed to distract Meggarty enough, by saying the manager needed to see him, to get the girl away. He got to know her and then set her up at a friend of his house and kept her as his mistress. It was a mutual benefit, as she needed money and food, which he provided. Gerald liked the idea that he was the most important person in her life, but after a while go bored and had to go of on a business trip and told her she had to go as his friend was coming back. Eva Smith knew that what she had with Gerald would not last and she was just a convenience to him. She went away by herself for about two months. To some seaside place, so she could be alone to try and make her affair with Gerald last longer and savour the memories of their time together. As she could again get no work and in urgently need of money she again turned to prostitution and worked in the palace bar. This is where she met Eric Birling and his puerile behaviour and lack of responsibilit y. She was pretty, not like the other fat old tarts, so he decided to buy her a few drink, although he was already inebriated. Later that night he insisted on going back to her lodgings and we are lead to believe that when he was there he forced himself upon her, using his physical strength and power over her. They met again a few times and Eva told Eric that she was pregnant with his child. Eva insisted, that she did not want to marry him as she saw him for what he was, a spoilt child and treated him like he was a kid. Eric then offered her financial support, which she also refused as she had found out that the money he used was stolen and refused to take anymore. 'The Great Gatsby' by F Scott Fitzgerald EssayIn the play, there is only one theme; this keeps the audiences attention and stops them getting side tracked with other plots. The inspector builds up the tension well by only allowing one character see the photograph at a time, and lays traps, which they all fall into. In particular the inspector sets a trap for Mrs Birling, when he asks her if she is not to blame for Evas death then who is and she enthusiastically lays the blame on the young man who is the father of Evas unborn child and tells the inspector to find this young man and then make him confess in public his responsibility. She is happy to dismiss any responsibility she may have and pass it onto someone, she thinks is far away from her family and her. Almost immediately we find out the father is Eric and she has implicated her son as being entirely responsible for the death of Eva Smith. The inspector scrutinizes one line of enquiry at a time, so again the audience does not lose track of the play and its storyline. The inspector also controls the behaviour and actions of the other characters, deciding if they can leave or not. He undermines Mr Birlings authority, when Eric ask if he can have a drink before he begins to tell his story of the events which he was involved in with Eva, Mr Birling says no, but is quickly contradicted by the inspector who says that he needs a drink now just to see him through. The inspector seems to be omniscient, but actually makes all the characters confess to their crimes. Perhaps the inspector is a supernatural agent for the conscience and the name Goole makes him appear spooky and other worldly. Maybe the inspector has foreseen a suicide about to happen and if the Birlings have a change of heart it could be prevented, but the chance is missed and the suicide occurs. In the text their are many clues which hint that the inspector is not really from the police and in the end the Birlings and Gerald manage to pick up on this, but some of them try dismiss it as a joke. The name Goole sounds like a ghoul, which is an evil demon, that eats the flesh of the dead, or it can be used metaphorically meaning a person obsessed by, or profits by, anothers death. When the inspector has left, he is said by Birling to have exploited Evas death, to frighten the victims of the alleged practical joke. But there are also hints that he is good, perhaps a messenger from God, as he says, we are members of one body like we say in the Eucharist service, reminding us that everyone is the same in Gods eyes. It does not mater whether the inspector is supposed to be good or evil, or what he really is, as the importance of his role is in what he says. The inspector altered Shelia and Erics views and makes them aware of the responsibility they have for others. Mr and Mrs Birling and Gerald refuse to take any responsibility for their actions and when the inspector has left expect life to carry on as before, believing that the inspector was a hoax, they represent the past and how the world is in desperate need for change. The end of the play suggests hope of the future as Shelia and Eric who represent the younger generation have learned to accept responsibility and that all actions have consequences. At the end of the play the inspector gives his wide view on responsibly, which contrasts with Mr Birlings narrow view on responsibility that he gave at the beginning of the play. Before the inspector departs he leaves the Birlings and Gerald with a thought One Eva Smith has gone ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. We dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. And I tell you that the time will soon come when, if men will not learn that lesson in fire and blood and anguish. The inspector, in his speech is telling us that things must change and the Smiths representing the lower and working class should not be used and abused by the Birlings repressenting people of power. He is also referring to the Second World War, as the audience knows, this lesson was learnt through fire blood and anguish and can not be allowed to be forgotten. The main theme of the play is responsibility. You must be responsible for other people as well as your own actions, and think of the consequences your actions may cause for others. In the play, there isnt anyone who is fully to blame for the death of Eva Smith. All the characters were involved in some way, which lead to her death and therefore are all equally responsible. The political message in the play is everyone must realise that there are always consequences for ones actions and everyone has a shared moral responsibility. The play was written in 1945 after the war, to present Priestlys views that the world was in desperate need of a change. When the inspector was at the house it symbolizes the Second World War, when everyone started to learn a pulled together for one cause. During that period all people were thrown into the war or working back home to aid the war effort regardless or class and social status. After the war there was a danger that people would recede back into the old ways, where there were prominent social divides and Priestly is trying to remind people how things were and how well they worked. People saw the need for change when the voted for Labour and Clement Attlee in 1945 who stood for a new way of life and change, against Winston Churchill who offered society restarting where it left off. People saw how the war had changed everything, and things would never be the same again as something as horrific as the Second World War could never be forgotten and voted for Labour which resulted in their famous landslide victory of May 1945. An Inspector Calls is an idealist play and is always relevant, as the theme of responsibility is still as germane today as it was a hundred years ago.